Chihuahua
Also known as Chihuahueño
Mexico, Chihuahueno
- Size
- Toy
- Height
- 15–23 cm
- Weight
- 1.5–3 kg
- Life expectancy
- 12–16 yrs
- Alert
- Devoted
- Lively
- Bold
Heights and weights are typical adult ranges; individual dogs vary.
About the Chihuahua
The Chihuahua is the smallest dog breed, originating in Mexico and named after the state of Chihuahua. It is a tiny companion dog with an apple-shaped head, large erect ears and large, expressive eyes, and comes in smooth-coated or long-coated varieties in many colours. It has been a close companion for centuries.
Temperament
Typically alert, lively and devoted to its owner, often bonding to one person. It can be wary of strangers and bold with larger dogs, so early socialisation and gentle training are important.
Exercise
Needs short daily walks and indoor play. It tires quickly and is sensitive to cold, so avoid long exposure.
Grooming
The smooth coat needs weekly brushing; the long coat needs brushing a few times a week.
Care & wellbeing
Dental care is important in toy breeds, so brush teeth regularly. Protect from cold and from injury, handle gently and ask a vet about breed-appropriate kneecap and heart checks.
Daily needs at a glance
For a typical 2.3 kg adult- Water
- 92 ml–138 ml
- a day
- Energy
- ≈ 210 kcal
- a day, neutered adult
- Exercise
- 30–60 min
- a day
- Grooming
- A brush once a week
Starting points from the same formulas as our calculators. Your pet's age, weight, activity and food all change the numbers. Work it out for your pet
Living with a Chihuahua
Typical tendencies for the breed. Upbringing, training and the individual matter as much.
History
A tiny dog associated with Mexico and named after one of its states. It is thought to descend from small companion dogs kept in the region long ago. It became a popular toy breed worldwide and comes in smooth and long coats.
Health
The breed can be prone to
- Patellar luxation
- Dental disease
- Heart disease
- Hydrocephalus
Health tests to ask a breeder about
- Patella check
- Heart check
- Dental check
Not every Chihuahua is affected, and this isn't a diagnosis. Read about common conditions and when to see a vet.
Cost to keep
Lower than average- Smaller food bills and medicine doses
- Little or no professional grooming needed
- A 12–16 year commitment
- Budget for breed-related health checks or insurance
A relative guide, not a price — costs vary a lot by country, insurer and lifestyle.
Is a Chihuahua right for you?
Could suit
- Calmer households and owners who prefer gentle walks
- People who'd rather not spend much time grooming
- Smaller homes, as long as daily exercise needs are met
Not sure? Try the breed finder or read choosing the right dog breed.
Common questions
How big does a Chihuahua get?
Adult Chihuahuas typically stand about 15–23 cm at the shoulder and weigh around 1.5–3 kg. Individuals vary, and males are often larger than females.
How long do Chihuahuas live?
Typically 12–16 years. Keeping them lean, active and up to date with vet checks gives the best chance of a long, healthy life.
How much exercise does a Chihuahua need?
As a guide, around 30–60 minutes a day, split between walks, play and sniffing time. Puppies and older dogs need shorter, gentler sessions.
How much grooming does a Chihuahua need?
A brush once a week. Check ears, teeth and nails as part of the routine.
Are Chihuahuas easy to train?
Generally trainable with consistent, reward-based practice.
Do Chihuahuas shed?
A little. Regular brushing keeps loose hair under control.
Are Chihuahuas good with children?
They're often better suited to adults or older, calm children. Always supervise young children with any dog, and teach them to give the dog space.
Can a Chihuahua live in a flat?
Usually, yes — as long as they get enough daily exercise and time outdoors.
What health problems do Chihuahuas have?
The breed can be prone to patellar luxation, dental disease, heart disease. Not every Chihuahua is affected — ask a breeder about health testing, and your vet about what to watch for.
Written by Petopedia as general guidance, not veterinary advice. Ask your vet about health screening for this breed.
Breed details
- Country of origin
- Mexico
- Type
- Chihuahueno
- Internationally recognised
- 1959